Learn / TEM
TEM
See structure,
defects and
diffraction clearly.
How electrons form images and diffraction patterns, how to read contrast and spectra, and how to connect what you see back to structure.
Start here
New to TEM? Read these first.
StoryWhat the Electron Saw
A scrolling illustrated story about transmission electron microscopy: two electrons leave the same tip, ride the same…
GuideThe Three Contrasts of TEMInteractive guide to the three contrast mechanisms of TEM: mass-thickness contrast, diffraction contrast with a live…
GuideScattering in the TEMInteractive guide to scattering in the TEM: the elastic and inelastic fates of the beam, a real-space vs…
All topics
Basics4 pages
GuideBack Focal Plane & Diffraction FocusInteractive ray diagram of the TEM back focal plane and how the diffraction-focus (intermediate lens) is…Foundation · 8 minGuideThe Three Contrasts of TEMInteractive guide to the three contrast mechanisms of TEM: mass-thickness contrast, diffraction contrast with…Foundation · 12 minGuideScattering in the TEMInteractive guide to scattering in the TEM: the elastic and inelastic fates of the beam, a real-space vs…Foundation · 10 minToolBeam Damage in the TEMFree in-browser TEM beam damage lab: the knock-on threshold voltage for common materials, the dose-rate test…Foundation · 10 min
Diffraction13 pages
ToolSAED Zone-Axis IndexerFree online SAED indexing tool: upload a TEM selected-area electron diffraction pattern, click the…Foundation · 5 minToolSAED Pattern SimulatorFree in-browser electron diffraction simulator: 604 built-in structures or your CIF, any zone axis,…Advanced · 10 minToolDiffraction Distortion & Camera Constant CalibratorFree in-browser tool: upload a polycrystalline ring pattern and measure the elliptical distortion of your TEM…Advanced · 8 minToolRing Pattern CalibrationCalibrate a TEM diffraction camera in the browser from a gold, aluminium, silicon or other polycrystalline…Foundation · 6 minGuideHow to Measure a d-SpacingThe four steps from a recorded pattern or image to a d-spacing you can defend: calibrate the camera constant…Foundation · 8 minGuideSAED Indexing, g-Vectors & Real vs. Fake SpotsInteractive guide to indexing SAED patterns by hand: measure g-vectors from spot ratio and angle, see whether…Foundation · 14 minToolCBED Thickness ToolFree in-browser tool: upload a two-beam CBED pattern (JPG, PNG, TIFF, Velox EMD), mark the 000 and hkl discs,…Foundation · 5 minToolCBED Symmetry TablesBuxton diffraction-group tables in the browser: pick a point group and a zone axis to read the whole-pattern,…Advanced · 6 minGuideCBED & Lamella ThicknessInteractive schematic: CBED vs SAED, and how two-beam Kossel–Möllenstedt fringes give TEM lamella thickness…Foundation · 10 minGuideReciprocal Space & the Ewald SphereInteractive guide to reciprocal space and the Ewald sphere: real vs reciprocal lattice side by side, a live…Foundation · 12 minGuideWhen Forbidden Reflections AppearInteractive guide to forbidden reflections and superlattices in TEM: why spots are systematically absent, the…Advanced · 12 minToolKikuchi Map NavigatorFree in-browser Kikuchi map for any crystal: see which zone axes sit on which Kikuchi bands, which band to…Advanced · 6 minGuideGrain Orientations & Reciprocal SpaceInteractive TEM guide to grain orientations in reciprocal space: zone-axis tilts with Laue circle and Kikuchi…Advanced · 12 min
Imaging13 pages
ToolWeak-Beam Tilt SimulatorFree in-browser weak-beam dark field trainer: drive a double-tilt holder with alpha and beta over a live…Advanced · 8 minGuideSTEM Detectors: BF, ABF, ADF & HAADFInteractive guide to STEM detector geometry: camera length and atomic number sliders map scattering angles…Foundation · 10 minToolQuantitative HAADFPut an experimental HAADF-STEM image on an absolute scale in the browser: normalise to the detector dark…Advanced · 8 minGuideWeak-Beam Dark FieldInteractive guide to weak-beam dark field: why strong-beam dislocation images are fat (Pendellösung and…Advanced · 12 minToolBend ContoursBend contours simulated in the browser: pick one of 604 crystals or a CIF, a zone axis and how the foil is…Advanced · 8 minToolTwo-Beam Defect SimulatorSimulate bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images of dislocations, dislocation dipoles and loops, and…Advanced · 8 minToolg·b Invisibility PlannerPlan a Burgers-vector determination in the TEM: pick a crystal from 604 structures, a zone axis and a line…Advanced · 6 minGuideHRTEM & FFTsInteractive guide to HRTEM and FFTs: a defocus/CTF lattice-image simulator with a true atom-column overlay,…Advanced · 12 minToolHRTEM Lattice ToolMeasure lattice spacings from a high-resolution TEM image in the browser: load the image, calibrate the…Advanced · 6 minToolGPA Strain MappingFree in-browser geometric phase analysis (GPA) lab: put a known strain into a lattice image of a metal or an…Advanced · 12 minLab4D-STEM and Diffuse ScatteringSee when weak diffuse scattering survives counting noise and detector range, map it with a virtual dark…Advanced · 12 minLabAberration CorrectionCancel spherical aberration with a corrector, watch the CTF and information limit, compare corrected and…Advanced · 20 minLab4D-STEM BasicsScan a synthetic Al sample, click any point for its diffraction pattern, draw virtual bright-field and…Advanced · 20 min
Spectroscopy6 pages
GuideReading the EELS SpectrumInteractive guide to electron energy-loss spectroscopy: what the zero-loss peak, plasmons, and core-loss…Foundation · 10 minToolEELS Thickness CalculatorFree in-browser EELS thickness calculator: load a low-loss spectrum (CSV or EMSA/MSA, or a built-in demo),…Foundation · 5 minToolEELS Core-Loss QuantificationQuantify a core-loss EELS spectrum in the browser: fit a power-law background before the edge, integrate the…Advanced · 8 minToolEDS QuantificationThin-film EDS quantification in the browser: theoretical Cliff-Lorimer k-factors from ionisation…Foundation · 8 minToolEELS Fine Structure & Oxidation StateFree in-browser EELS fine-structure (ELNES) lab: build a Mn L2,3 spectrum from oxidation states you choose,…Advanced · 10 minToolEFTEM Elemental MappingFree in-browser EFTEM lab: record three energy-filtered images around an edge, build jump-ratio and…Advanced · 10 min
From other chapters1 page
No pages match. Try another word, or clear the filters.
Other chapters: EBSD · APT · Structure & Transformations · Contact Mechanics · Mechanical Behavior · In-situ Testing.