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Every resource, in one place.
The full list: 118 guides, tools, labs, FAQ pages and stories across 7 fields. Filter by field, type or level, or sort by date or name. The homepage and the menus show a selection; this page shows everything.
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Field
Type
Level
- Lab4D-STEM and Diffuse ScatteringSee when weak diffuse scattering survives counting noise and detector range, map it with a virtual dark field, and compare its proposed origins.
- LabCorrelative APT and TEMFollow one atom probe needle through FIB lift-out, TEM or TKD and the atom probe, and see how the tip radius and shank angle from TEM set the 3-D atom map.
- LabDetecting Short-Range Order with APTBuild a crystal with short-range order, pass it through a model atom probe, and watch detection efficiency and lateral blur push measured order toward random.
- LabGrain Boundary MigrationPush a grain boundary by curvature or stored energy, see how its mobility can rise or fall with temperature, and watch disconnections move it by shear.
- LabHume-Rothery RulesCheck the four Hume-Rothery rules for any solute in copper or silver, see it on a Darken-Gurry map, and watch electron concentration pick the Cu-Zn phase.
- LabMicrostructure Under a Sliding ContactSee how sliding changes the metal under the surface: the dislocation trace line in copper, graded nanostructured layers and stress-driven grain growth.
- LabOrdered Intermetallic StructuresTurn L1₂, D0₂₂, D0₂₃, L1₀, B2, D0₃, L2₁ and D0₁₉ cells in 3D, build D0₂₂ and D0₂₃ from shifted L1₂ cubes, and see the extra diffraction spots order makes.
- LabShort-Range OrderWatch atoms swap on a live alloy lattice, read the Warren-Cowley short-range order parameters, and see how short-range order makes diffuse scattering.
- LabAtomic-Scale FrictionDrag an AFM tip over atoms and watch stick-slip friction: the Prandtl-Tomlinson model, the effect of speed and temperature, and superlubric graphite flakes.
- LabFretting & Partial SlipWatch a ball on a flat shake back and forth: the stuck centre, the slipping ring, the fretting loop, and a fretting map of stick, partial slip and gross slip.
- LabHardness Scales & ConversionsPress Vickers, Knoop, Berkovich, Brinell and Rockwell indenters into one metal, compare the numbers, and see where ASTM E140 conversion tables stop working.
- LabIndentation & Grain OrientationClick grains on an EBSD map to see how the indentation modulus, hardness and pile-up change with crystal orientation, and how many grains one indent samples.
- LabMicrocantilever BendingBend a FIB-cut microcantilever with an indenter tip, see where the stress peaks, notch it to measure fracture toughness K_IQ, and check if the test is valid.
- LabMicropillar CompressionCompress a FIB-cut micropillar and see what goes wrong: taper, aspect ratio, misalignment, base sink-in, the smaller-is-stronger size effect and Ga damage.
- LabNanoindentation MappingPlace a grid of nanoindents on a two-phase microstructure, see plastic zones, blurred maps and mixed indents, and split the hardness histogram into phases.
- LabResidual Stress from IndentationSee how in-plane residual stress shifts a nanoindentation curve and apparent hardness, then estimate the stress with the Suresh and Giannakopoulos model.
- LabRolling Contact & TractionDrive or brake a wheel on a rail and watch the stick and slip zones, the creepage and the traction curve, then see why hysteresis makes rolling cost force.
- LabRunning-in & Wear Scar GrowthWatch a ball wear a flat scar: the scar grows, the contact pressure falls, and running-in makes one wear rate depend on how long the test ran.
- LabSubsurface Contact StressesPress a ball or roller on a flat and see the Hertz stress below the surface: where shear peaks, how friction pulls it up, and where a coating should end.
- LabSurface Roughness ParametersSee why the same Ra can hide very different surfaces. Move a live profile to read Rz, Rsk, Rku, the bearing area curve, Rk, Rpk, Rvk and the filter cutoff.
- LabTribocorrosionWatch a sliding ball strip the passive film off stainless steel and titanium, see the current jump, and split material loss into wear, corrosion and synergy.
- LabTribofilms & Third BodiesWatch debris get trapped in a sliding contact, a ZDDP antiwear film grow on steel with heat and pressure, and a PTFE transfer film lower friction and wear.
- LabSEM Imaging BasicsRun electrons into C to Au at 1 to 30 kV and see the interaction volume, compare SE and BSE images of the same sample, trade probe current against resolution and noise, find the charging crossover, and pick the right detector or attachment (EDS, WDS, EBSD, TKD, CL, EBIC, FIB-SIMS, plasma cleaner) for the question you have.
- LabDiffusion Couples & Fick's LawsWatch atoms random-walk across an interface into the erf profile, recover D(c) with the Boltzmann-Matano method, see Kirkendall markers move, and learn how probe blur biases a measured D.
- LabGrain Growth & Zener PinningRun a live Potts simulation of grain growth, add particles until growth stops at the Zener limit, compare curvature and pinning pressures, and trigger abnormal grain growth.
- LabMeasuring Grain SizeMeasure one synthetic microstructure by line intercept, Jeffries count and EBSD reconstruction, and see why twins, weighting, step size and 2D sectioning give three different grain sizes.
- Lab4D-STEM BasicsScan a synthetic Al sample, click any point for its diffraction pattern, draw virtual bright-field and dark-field detectors, map orientation, strain and centre-of-mass shift, and size the data set.
- LabAberration CorrectionCancel spherical aberration with a corrector, watch the CTF and information limit, compare corrected and uncorrected STEM probes on Si dumbbells, and see how residual coma and astigmatism spoil a corrected probe.
- LabCreep & Deformation MapsA live creep curve, a Frost-Ashby deformation mechanism map for Ni and Al with Coble, Nabarro-Herring and power-law creep, and Larson-Miller life extrapolation with its limits.
- LabDislocations & Burgers VectorsDrag an edge dislocation through a crystal, draw Burgers circuits for edge, screw and mixed dislocations, and see the Peach-Koehler force and the stress field that pulls solutes to one side.
- LabECCI: Channeling ContrastTilt the beam across a channeling band and watch the BSE yield change, image dislocations, a stacking fault and a subgrain wall in a simulated ECCI picture, and see how deep ECCI can see.
- LabElastic AnisotropyDrag a 3D surface of Young's modulus for Cu, Ni, Fe, W, Si, Ti, Mg and Zn crystals, read E in any plane, and compare the Voigt, Reuss and Hill averages with what single grains can give.
- LabFatigue & S-N CurvesMove the load and watch fatigue life change: S-N curves with Basquin's law, mean stress on a Haigh diagram, strain-life, Paris-law crack growth and Miner's rule.
- LabFlash TemperatureSlide a ball or pin over a flat and see the flash temperature from Archard and Blok, asperity flashes against the bulk temperature, and which limits (tempering, oxides, melting, scuffing) the contact passes.
- LabFracture Toughness & KWatch a crack run when the stress intensity K reaches KIc, with the Griffith energy balance, crack-tip plastic zones, the ASTM E399 thickness check and the largest crack each material can carry.
- LabLubrication Regimes & Stribeck CurveMove speed, viscosity and load along a Stribeck curve, compute EHL film thickness with Hamrock-Dowson and the lambda ratio, and watch the film thin as the oil heats up.
- LabReading a Tensile CurveWatch a tensile specimen stretch, neck and break while its curve draws; read E, 0.2% offset yield, UTS and elongation; compare engineering and true stress; see how a soft test frame makes the modulus look low.
- LabSchmid Factor & Slip SystemsFind the Schmid factor of every slip system in FCC, BCC and HCP crystals, pick a tensile axis on the stereographic triangle, watch the axis rotate in single slip, and see which grains of a polycrystal yield first.
- LabStrengthening MechanismsMove grain size, particle radius, solute content and dislocation density and watch the yield strength of Cu, Al, Ni or mild steel change, with the cutting-to-Orowan crossover that sets peak aging.
- LabWhy Friction Is Not a Material ConstantChange junction shear strength and hardness (Bowden-Tabor), plough a groove with a cone or sphere, run a spring-block stick-slip model, and see why steel on steel ranges from 0.001 to above 1.
- ToolBeam Damage in the TEMFree in-browser TEM beam damage lab: the knock-on threshold voltage for common materials, the dose-rate test that tells radiolysis from knock-on, an electron dose calculator for TEM and STEM, and beam heating in a thin foil.
- ToolBend ContoursBend contours simulated in the browser: pick one of 604 crystals or a CIF, a zone axis and how the foil is bent, and see the many-beam Bloch-wave rocking surface painted on the bent foil as bright-field and dark-field images with the contour pairs, higher orders, fringes and bend centre; move the holder tilt and watch the contours slide, read the radius of curvature from the spacing, and get the eleven most asked questions about bend contours answered.
- ToolCBED Symmetry TablesBuxton diffraction-group tables in the browser: pick a point group and a zone axis to read the whole-pattern, bright-field and dark-field symmetries a CBED pattern must show, or enter the symmetries you observed and list every point group and zone-axis class consistent with them. All 31 diffraction groups derived from the 32 point groups, not typed in.
- ToolCBED Thickness ToolFree in-browser tool: upload a two-beam CBED pattern (JPG, PNG, TIFF, Velox EMD), mark the 000 and hkl discs, auto-detect Kossel–Möllenstedt fringe minima, and get thickness with uncertainty plus extinction distance from a Kelly–Allen fit.
- ToolDiffraction Distortion & Camera Constant CalibratorFree in-browser tool: upload a polycrystalline ring pattern and measure the elliptical distortion of your TEM projector system, its axis, the pattern centre and the camera constant. Feeds the SAED indexer directly.
- ToolEBSD Pattern SimulatorSimulate electron backscatter diffraction patterns in the browser: a Monte Carlo of the primary beam in the tilted sample gives the energy, depth and exit direction of the backscattered electrons, a many-beam Bloch-wave calculation on a symmetry-reduced Lambert grid gives the master pattern, and the detector geometry with Bunge Euler angles puts it on the phosphor, with kinematic band edges and zone-axis labels drawn over it. 604 crystals or a CIF, WebGPU with a JavaScript fallback, band profiles against the Bragg angle.
- ToolEDS QuantificationThin-film EDS quantification in the browser: theoretical Cliff-Lorimer k-factors from ionisation cross-sections, fluorescence yields and detector efficiency, the absorption correction as the foil thickens, zeta-factor quantification with thickness, peak-overlap synthesis and least-squares fitting with variance inflation, and beam broadening versus foil thickness for map resolution.
- ToolEELS Fine Structure & Oxidation StateFree in-browser EELS fine-structure (ELNES) lab: build a Mn L2,3 spectrum from oxidation states you choose, add noise, energy offset and resolution mismatch, and compare three ways to read valence: MLLS fitting, the L3/L2 white-line ratio and the L3 peak position.
- ToolEELS Thickness CalculatorFree in-browser EELS thickness calculator: load a low-loss spectrum (CSV or EMSA/MSA, or a built-in demo), set the zero-loss window, and get t/λ plus absolute thickness in nm from the Malis and Iakoubovskii mean-free-path models, with honest uncertainty notes.
- ToolEFTEM Elemental MappingFree in-browser EFTEM lab: record three energy-filtered images around an edge, build jump-ratio and three-window elemental maps live, and see what bend contours, thickness, drift, counts and window placement do to each map.
- GuideFIB Specimen Prep: What the Beam DoesFive questions about FIB prep, answered on real Helios images: how deep gallium damage goes, what causes curtaining, how to tell a lamella is thin enough, why the foil bends, and why the ion beam is not a dot. Each has a real photo, a drawing to scale, and one slider.
- GuideFrom Kikuchi Bands to an OrientationEBSD & TKD, part 1 of 8: From Kikuchi bands to an orientation. Interactive.
- Toolg·b Invisibility PlannerPlan a Burgers-vector determination in the TEM: pick a crystal from 604 structures, a zone axis and a line direction, and the page lists every candidate Burgers vector with g.b and g.(b x u) for each reflection of the zone, marks the invisible and residual-contrast conditions, and finds the smallest set of reflections that separates all candidates.
- ToolGPA Strain MappingFree in-browser geometric phase analysis (GPA) lab: put a known strain into a lattice image of a metal or an oxide, add STEM scan drift, flyback and jitter, and watch every GPA step update live, then see how precisely one atomic column can be placed.
- GuideHow to Decide a Loading ModeEight indentation loading schedules side by side: what each one looks like in load–time, what curve it gives you, and (the part nobody plots) what failure looks like in that mode. Plus load versus displacement control, the CSM dynamic model, and a mode chooser. Interactive.
- GuideHRTEM & FFTsInteractive guide to HRTEM and FFTs: a defocus/CTF lattice-image simulator with a true atom-column overlay, the Scherzer-defocus CTF explorer, measuring d-spacings from an FFT with a draggable ROI, how Fourier filtering can conjure fake lattices from noise, and FFT versus SAED.
- ToolHRTEM Lattice ToolMeasure lattice spacings from a high-resolution TEM image in the browser: load the image, calibrate the scale, take the FFT of a region, pick the spots to read d-spacings and interplanar angles with sub-pixel refinement, Bragg-filter the image with the chosen reflections, and compute moire fringe spacings for overlapping lattices.
- GuideInstrument, Prep & ApplicationsVoltage-pulsed versus laser-pulsed atom probe, FIB lift-out and annular milling of a site-specific needle, grain-boundary segregation, and correlative APT + TEM. Interactive explainers.
- LabInterfaces & the Coincidence Site LatticeInteractive crystallography lab: misfit and tilt boundaries, coincidence site lattice (CSL) theory generated live from Ranganathan's relation, Bollmann's O-lattice construction, and secondary dislocations at the DSC lattice.
- GuideKAM, GNDs & the Step SizeEBSD & TKD, part 8 of 8: KAM, GND density, step size and the noise floor. Interactive.
- ToolKikuchi Map NavigatorFree in-browser Kikuchi map for any crystal: see which zone axes sit on which Kikuchi bands, which band to follow to reach a zone axis, how far to tilt, and the double-tilt holder settings that get you there. fcc, bcc, hcp, diamond and ordered alloys built in, or load a CIF.
- LabKinetics for Real Alloys LabInteractive TTT and CCT diagrams built from a real nucleation-barrier times Arrhenius-mobility C-curve, plus case-depth diffusion for both fixed-surface carburizing and a self-consistently moving decarburizing phase boundary.
- LabLattices & Point GroupsAn interactive, fully rotatable 3D lab on basic crystallography: the 14 Bravais lattices with primitive-vs-conventional cells, Miller indices and the Weiss zone law, and a point-group identifier covering all 32 crystallographic point groups.
- GuidePattern Quality as DataEBSD & TKD, part 7 of 8: Pattern quality as data. Interactive.
- ToolQuantitative HAADFPut an experimental HAADF-STEM image on an absolute scale in the browser: normalise to the detector dark level and probe current, find and refine the atomic columns, integrate each column over a disc or its Voronoi cell, read the statistics, and compare with the fraction-versus-thickness curves exported by the SAED simulator to estimate thickness and the Z-contrast exponent.
- GuideReconstruction & ResolutionHow an atom probe turns detector hits into a 3-D map of atoms: trajectory aberrations and local magnification near a precipitate, and why APT resolves atomic planes in depth but blurs laterally. Interactive explainers.
- ToolRing Pattern CalibrationCalibrate a TEM diffraction camera in the browser from a gold, aluminium, silicon or other polycrystalline ring pattern: refine the pattern centre, take the radial profile, find the rings, assign them to the standard and fit the camera constant, read the camera length, measure the elliptical distortion, and calibrate the image-diffraction rotation.
- GuideSAED Indexing, g-Vectors & Real vs. Fake SpotsInteractive guide to indexing SAED patterns by hand: measure g-vectors from spot ratio and angle, see whether those two numbers name one zone axis or several at your measurement precision, and score a twin, double diffraction and a second phase against the same extra spots.
- ToolSAED Pattern SimulatorFree in-browser electron diffraction simulator: 604 built-in structures or your CIF, any zone axis, kinematical or many-beam dynamical intensities with a thickness slider, precession, CBED discs, Kikuchi lines, the Ewald-sphere section, your own pattern with a residual fit and off-zone estimate, symmetry readout, CTF and partially coherent HRTEM tableau, HOLZ lines, Bloch-wave STEM images with thermal diffuse scattering (BF, ABF, ADF, HAADF), and a WebGPU frozen-phonon multislice engine (PRISM S-matrix or scanned probe) for supercells with dislocations, stacking faults and column substitutions.
- ToolSAED Zone-Axis IndexerFree online SAED indexing tool: upload a TEM selected-area electron diffraction pattern, click the transmitted beam and two spots, and identify the zone axis: calibration-free, for FCC, BCC, SC, diamond, HCP and custom lattices.
- LabSpace GroupsAn interactive 3D lab on space groups: explore Wyckoff positions, screw axes, and glide planes in four real structures (diamond, zinc blende, cuprite, cementite), then compute how many crystallographically equivalent orientation variants a precipitate can form in a matrix.
- LabSpinodal, Nucleation & Coarsening LabInteractive lab on spinodal decomposition vs. nucleation-and-growth, classical nucleation theory with a homogeneous/heterogeneous toggle, and a live particle-population simulation of precipitation coarsening (Ostwald ripening).
- LabStereographic ProjectionsAn interactive 3D lab on stereographic projection: watch the sphere-to-plane construction happen live, generate the standard stereogram for any of the 32 crystallographic point groups, and convert hexagonal Miller-Bravais indices with an interplanar-angle calculator.
- GuideTexture: Pole Figures & ODFsEBSD & TKD, part 4 of 8. Texture: pole figures and ODFs, demystified. Interactive.
- ToolTwo-Beam Defect SimulatorSimulate bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images of dislocations, dislocation dipoles and loops, and stacking faults in the two-beam Howie-Whelan approximation with anomalous absorption, for any of 604 crystals with extinction distances from the structure factors. Inside-outside contrast, alpha fringes and g.b invisibility, computed column by column in the browser.
- ToolWeak-Beam Tilt SimulatorFree in-browser weak-beam dark field trainer: drive a double-tilt holder with alpha and beta over a live Kikuchi map, align any zone axis, walk off along a band, set two-beam, tilt the beam for centred dark field and land on g(3g), while a dislocation image narrows as you go.
- GuideWhat Indentation Tells You Beyond HardnessSpherical indentation stress–strain curves and the effective zero point, pop-in statistics against the theoretical strength, strain-rate jumps and activation volume, and three fracture-toughness equations that disagree. Interactive.
- GuideWhen Forbidden Reflections AppearInteractive guide to forbidden reflections and superlattices in TEM: why spots are systematically absent, the mechanisms that make them appear (double diffraction, relrods, stacking faults), and a field guide to superlattices in metals and alloys: chemical ordering, the omega phase, long-period structures and their look-alikes.
- GuideWhen Your Hardness Number LiesIndentation size effect or a blunt tip? Pile-up wrecking the contact area? Substrate showing through a thin film? Three interactive sandboxes where the true answer is known, so you can watch a clean-looking fit give a wrong number.
- ToolWhich Grain Do I Lift Out?Site-specific FIB lift-out starts with the right grain. Pick it straight from an EBSD map: zone-axis TEM lamellae, cleavage-plane cantilevers, and micropillars, with the exact stage rotation at the standard tilts. Load your own .ang/.ctf; it never leaves your browser.
- GuideWhy TKD Beats EBSD at the NanoscaleEBSD & TKD, part 6 of 8: Why TKD beats EBSD at the nanoscale. Interactive.
- GuideAtom's Research GuideAn interactive decision tree: start from a research question, a result that looks wrong, or a study plan, and get the techniques to use, their order, sample prep and pitfalls.
- GuideEBSD Reference Frames and ConventionsThe four coordinate frames in an EBSD experiment and the five conventions that differ between packages: map handedness, RD and TD assignment, the sense of the orientation matrix, Bunge against Roe Euler angles and pole figure layout. Each is a switch on a synthetic rolled sheet, with the grain shapes held fixed so you can see the orientations disagree with them, plus the checks that settle it for one instrument.
- ToolEELS Core-Loss QuantificationQuantify a core-loss EELS spectrum in the browser: fit a power-law background before the edge, integrate the edge over a window, compute the hydrogenic K-shell partial cross-section for the collection angle and window, remove plural scattering by Fourier-ratio deconvolution or by convolving the cross-section with the low-loss spectrum, and read the areal density and elemental ratios.
- GuideHow to Measure a d-SpacingThe four steps from a recorded pattern or image to a d-spacing you can defend: calibrate the camera constant or the pixel size, convert with d = K/R or d = 1/g, carry the uncertainty through, and check how many allowed reflections your error bar covers before calling it an identification.
- StoryTwo Bars, One MeltA one-minute scrolling story: two bars from one melt, one heat treatment apart, and why one cracked. Grain boundaries, precipitates and the order atoms keep, drawn live as you scroll.
- ToolWear Rate CalculatorTurn what you measured into every wear rate at once: a profile area, a mass loss, a ball scar diameter or a groove, with the load and the sliding distance, giving the wear rate, the specific wear rate in mm3/N.m, the dimensionless Archard coefficient and the wear depth, with the arithmetic on show. Includes the unit map for the forms these appear in and what ASTM G99 does and does not fix.
- GuideWhen Does Oliver-Pharr Fail?Ten ways an Oliver-Pharr hardness goes wrong, run on one synthetic indent where the true answer is known: the failures a curve shows (drift, compliance, creep, the fit window, a step) and the four it hides (blunt tip, pile-up, substrate, roughness), each with its signature and its fix, plus a validity checklist to run before you report a number.
- SeriesWhat Your Software Doesn't Tell YouA running series across TEM, EBSD, atom probe tomography and nanoindentation: seven numbers your analysis software prints without its assumptions, and the interactive page that takes each one apart.
- GuideSTEM Detectors: BF, ABF, ADF & HAADFInteractive guide to STEM detector geometry: camera length and atomic number sliders map scattering angles onto the BF, ABF, ADF and HAADF detector rings, a four-detector perovskite image simulator, and a calculator that derives the Z-contrast exponent from the screened Rutherford cross-section instead of assuming it.
- FAQIn-situ Testing FAQTroubleshooting FAQ for site-specific FIB lift-out and EBSD grain selection: redefining ND, what R-star means, what stage rotation achieves, tilt trims vs grain choice, mounting bookkeeping, the 70-degree question, Euler color look-alikes, and maps with no grain in budget.
- FAQTEM Troubleshooting FAQTroubleshooting FAQ for transmission electron microscopy: diffraction focus, CBED thickness, the Ewald sphere, TEM contrast, STEM detectors, weak-beam dark field, HRTEM/FFT artifacts, and SAED indexing, each answer linked to its interactive guide.
- FAQAPT Troubleshooting FAQTroubleshooting FAQ for atom probe tomography: trajectory aberrations and local magnification, mass-spectrum peak overlaps, counting statistics, proximity histograms, voltage vs laser pulsing, and site-specific lift-out, linked to the interactive guides.
- GuideAsperities & the Real Area of ContactInteractive contact mechanics: single-asperity Hertz geometries, elastic to fully plastic transition, Greenwood-Williamson rough surface contact, and JKR/DMT adhesion. See why real contact area is a thousand times smaller than the area you can see.
- GuideBack Focal Plane & Diffraction FocusInteractive ray diagram of the TEM back focal plane and how the diffraction-focus (intermediate lens) is adjusted for sharp SAED patterns.
- LabBragg-Williams Order-Disorder LabInteractive Bragg-Williams model of order-disorder transformations: the long-range order parameter S(T) from a self-consistent solve, the critical ordering temperature, a sublattice-occupancy visualization, and a schematic superlattice-reflection diffraction panel.
- GuideCBED & Lamella ThicknessInteractive schematic: CBED vs SAED, and how two-beam Kossel–Möllenstedt fringes give TEM lamella thickness via the Kelly–Allen extrapolation.
- GuideCleaning Data HonestlyEBSD & TKD, part 5 of 8: Cleaning data honestly. Interactive.
- GuideData & AnalysisUntangling an atom probe mass spectrum: peak overlaps and isotopic deconvolution, iso-concentration surfaces and proximity histograms, and counting statistics in a tip of a few million atoms. Interactive explainers.
- FAQEBSD/TKD Troubleshooting FAQTroubleshooting FAQ for EBSD and TKD: Kikuchi indexing, IPF map colour ambiguity, misorientation and CSL boundaries, pole figures and ODFs, data cleanup effects on grain count, TKD vs EBSD at the nanoscale, and pattern quality as data.
- GuideGrain Orientations & Reciprocal SpaceInteractive TEM guide to grain orientations in reciprocal space: zone-axis tilts with Laue circle and Kikuchi lines, misorientation (LAGB, HAGB, twins), polycrystalline rings and texture arcs, and orientation terminology.
- GuideHow a Hardness Number Gets MadeWhere hardness and modulus actually come from: fit the unloading curve yourself, watch S, hc and the contact area move, and see how much thermal drift, frame compliance and an uncalibrated tip shift the number you report. Interactive.
- GuideHow to Measure WearWhat wear rate, specific wear rate and the wear coefficient K each mean, how Archard's equation links them, and two ways to get a wear depth: from K, or from a measured scar (ASTM G99). Six wear mechanisms, interactive.
- GuideMisorientation, Boundaries & CSLEBSD & TKD, part 3 of 8: Misorientation, grain boundaries and CSL. Interactive.
- GuideReading an IPF MapAn IPF map colors each grain by the crystal direction along one sample axis. See how the colors are made, switch IPF-X, Y and Z live, and find grains that share a color but not an orientation.
- GuideReading the EELS SpectrumInteractive guide to electron energy-loss spectroscopy: what the zero-loss peak, plasmons, and core-loss edges each say, why the spectrum only makes sense on a log scale, an element edge-energy lookup with overlap warnings, and when EELS beats EDS (and when it doesn't).
- GuideReciprocal Space & the Ewald SphereInteractive guide to reciprocal space and the Ewald sphere: real vs reciprocal lattice side by side, a live diffraction simulator with voltage, tilt and thickness sliders, and why relrods and excitation error decide which spots light up.
- LabRegular Solution & Scheil-Gulliver LabInteractive binary phase diagram and tie-line lab from a regular-solution model (click for the lever rule, no topology hard-coded), plus a Scheil-Gulliver microsegregation calculator for core-to-rim dendrite composition.
- GuideScattering in the TEMInteractive guide to scattering in the TEM: the elastic and inelastic fates of the beam, a real-space vs reciprocal-space simulator on the same specimen, an artifact clinic, and a signal-versus-artifact verdict table for any 80–300 kV (S)TEM.
- GuideScratch vs. Indentation HardnessScratch hardness from the groove width, why four defensible width conventions give four different answers, the Hokkirigawa–Kato ploughing–wedging–cutting map, and why H³/E² outranks hardness as a screening index for coatings. Interactive.
- StoryThe Map of EveryoneA scrolling illustrated story about EBSD: one pixel's Kikuchi interview, four million interviews becoming an orientation map, why the rainbow colors are answers to a question you chose, and two bars whose borders tell different futures.
- StoryThe Mountain Range You Cannot SeeA scrolling illustrated story about tribology: zoom into a contact until the real touching area appears, follow one asperity through its working life, watch a wear particle get born, and read the Archard ledger of a surface slowly exporting itself.
- StoryThe Needle That RememberedA scrolling illustrated story about APT, and the finale of the case: a needle carved from bar B's grain boundary, evaporated one atom per pulse, named by time of flight, rebuilt in software, and made to confess a boron sheet one atom thick.
- GuideThe Three Contrasts of TEMInteractive guide to the three contrast mechanisms of TEM: mass-thickness contrast, diffraction contrast with a live bright-field/dark-field polycrystal tilt simulator, and phase contrast with a CTF defocus lattice-fringe demo.
- FAQTribology, Indentation & Scratch FAQTroubleshooting FAQ for contact mechanics, wear, nanoindentation and scratch testing: real contact area, wear-mechanism competition and wear depth, Oliver-Pharr hardness and its error budget, size effects, loading-mode choice, and scratch critical loads and hardness conventions.
- GuideWeak-Beam Dark FieldInteractive guide to weak-beam dark field: why strong-beam dislocation images are fat (Pendellösung and extinction distance), the g–3g tilt walkthrough on the Ewald sphere, a Howie–Whelan dislocation-image simulator, the g·b invisibility criterion, and measuring stacking-fault energy from partial separation in Cu.
- GuideWhat a Scratch Test's Critical Loads MeanLc1, Lc2 and Lc3 from a progressive-load scratch test, built from the contact mechanics up: Hertzian and fully plastic contact, the Hamilton–Goodman tensile stress behind a sliding sphere, and an interfacial energy criterion. Interactive, and honest about why a critical load is not a material property.
- StoryWhat the Electron SawA scrolling illustrated story about transmission electron microscopy: two electrons leave the same tip, ride the same lenses, split at the specimen into signal and background, and build a diffraction pattern one vote at a time.
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